12.AIDS Epidemiology
The purpose of this book is to review the contribution of statistical science to our understanding of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to summarize and interpret the major epidemiological findings. Statistical ideas and approaches have contributed to an understanding of factors that promote transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and of strategies for preventing transmission, to an accurate description of the natural history of disease associated with HIV infection, including the "incubation" distribution of the time from infection to the onset of AIDS, to the design and analysis of therapeutic clinical trials and impending vaccine trials, and to an assessment of the scope and likely course of the HIV epidemic andof the incidence of AIDS. In some cases, non-standard statistical ideasare absolutely crucial to avoid misleading interpretations of data, because standard methods of analysis for chronic disease are not always suitable for studying a rapidly growing epidemic and because nonstandard "samples of opportunity" calead to severely biased results unless the mode of sampling is taken into account. Two examples illustrate these phenomena. If we plot the crud
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